Sunday, January 26, 2020

The Sand Mining In Kalu Ganga Environmental Sciences Essay

The Sand Mining In Kalu Ganga Environmental Sciences Essay 01. Kalu Ganga considered as one of the major river in Sri Lanka. It started from Idikatupana in Samanala Mountain and discharged at Kalutara. It is 126 Km long and covered Sbaragamuwa and Western Providences including Ratnapura, Horana and Kalutara. 02. Kalu Ganga is one of the most important Rivers in Sri Lanka which receives very high rainfalls and has higher discharges. Due to its hydrological and topographical characteristics, the lower flood plain suffers from frequent floods and it affects socio-economic profile greatly. 03. Kalu Ganga basin is the second largest river basin in Sri Lanka covering 2766 km2 and much of the catchment is located in the highest rainfall area of the country, which reflects the high annual rainfall. The annual rainfall in the basin is averaged to 4000 mm and leads to 4000 million m3 of annual flow. 04. Indiscriminate river sand mining in Sri Lanka has caused a number of environmental problems such as erosion of river banks, destruction of bridges and roads, sea water intrusion to the coconut and paddy lands, and deterioration of river water quality used for drinking and bathing. However, despite the concerns of authorities and environmental groups, sand mining is continuing at an alarming rate as miners and other beneficiaries still appreciate the private profitability at the expense of long-term environmental costs. 05. On the other hand, blanket recommendations to banning of river sand mining lead to loss of income opportunities of the people, who involved in various activities related to sand mining, and increase the construction costs. CHAPTER 2 AIM 01. The aim of this paper is to convince the reader to impact of sand mining affect on the Kalu River and problems occurred due to sand mining activities. Statement OF PROBLEM 02. With the incensement of the constriction works in Western and Sbaragamuwa provinces annual requirement of sand is increased. In order to fulfill the required demand, sand mining activities also increased in Kalu River. These sand mining activities are caused number of environmental and social problems. Some of these problems are erosion of river bank, sea water intrusion to the agriculture lands and loss of habitant, problem and destruction of road and bridges, and deteriorations of quality of drinking water. Due to excessive sand mining activities this problem also increases rapidly. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 03. By reducing sand mining activities can be reducing the damage to the environment, save capital for repairing and construction of new road net work and brigs. It is also can up lift social condition of the people who living in these areas. METHODOLOGY 04. This study will be based on data collection form government organization and, people who presently living affected areas and documentary sources. 05. Primary source of collection of information was based on documentary sources including publications, Newspaper articles and information were taken by surfing through the Internet. 06. Secondary source Data obtained from Ministry of Environmental and Geological Survey and Mining Bureau, Visiting to people living in kalu River area. Data obtained from irrigation department. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 07. The scope of the study covers the affect of environment and social problem, because of sand mining activities in Kalu River. STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER 08. The paper will be structured as follows: a. Chapter I. The first chapter will contain the introduction to the paper. b. Chapter II. The second chapter will contain the Methodology of the study and will comprise of the following: (1) Aim (2) Statement of the Problem (3) Research hypothesis (4) Scope of the study (5) Method of data collection (6) Structure of the paper c. Chapter III. Back ground d. Chapter IV. Data e. Chapter V. Analysis f. Chapter VI. Conclusion and recommendation OBJECTIVES 09. General Objectives: To analyze the social and environmental affect and by introducing alternative methods to minimize sand mining activities, to reduce social and environmental are issues. 10. Specific Objectives To analyze what are the problem mainly affected because of sand mining. To analyze how these problems effected to people in this areas. To analyze how these problems effected to government. To introduce suitable solution for the reduce sand mining activities in Kalu River. DATA COLLECTION METHODS 11. Visiting sand mining site (licensed and illegal) in Kalutara and Ratnapura district. 12. Data obtained from Ministry of Environmental and Geological Survey and Mining Bureau. 13. Visiting to people living in kalu River area. 14. Books, News papers, Internet, etc. LIMITATIONS 15. The time available to conduct this research will be only 3 months. The length of the paper will be limited to 5000 words, and it will not be possible to collect data from all the reliable sources. Area of research 16. This research was conducted in Kalutara district covering mast of the areas of sand mining taking palace in Kalu River. The area included Kalutara to Ingiriya along the Kalu River. CHAPTER 3 BACK GROUND 01. The demand required for sand construction works within the country is more than five million cubic meters or eight million ton of sand mine and sold per year. This sand quantity values nearly 16 billion. This high demanding for market of sand led to mining the sand significantly in most of the areas of Kalu River. Not only the deposited sand mining, river bed sand mining as well as river bank sand removal also increased. The river sand mining highly affect to the natural equilibrium of the Kalu River. 02. There are some other important rivers in Sri Lanka also facing to this environmental and social problem in various scales. It is estimated that sand mining in Kalu River has increased by three times in last few years. Over mining in the river causes many problems like deteriorations of quality of drinking water supply due to sea water intrusion to the Kalu River, collapse of river bank and loss of river land. Considering the importance factors of scientific assessment on the environmental degradation consequent to unsystematic sand mining, an effort has made in this research study to recognize remedial and environmental impacts in Kalu River basin due to sand mining. 03. Sand mining is continuing to be a major environment hazard in many parts of Sri Lanka especially due to the unprecedented increase in demand to the civil contraction activities in the infrastructure and housing sector. 04. Substitute for river sand is sea sand which available in the market. However industry prefers river sand due to problems of salinity and the need to dry sea sand to reduce deleterious material. Anther substitute is crashed quartzite rock (impure are from silica) available in form of ridges especially in the hill country as well as Polonnaruwa and Dambulla area. 05. This issue as highlighted in this paragraph is the question of who is legislatively authorized to regulate the mining of river sand. In this content I shall quote from the cost conservation Act No 57 of 1991. Costal zone is defined as the area lying with in a limited of three hundred meters land wards of mean high water line and limit of two kilo Meters seaward from the mean low water line. 06. In cause of river, streams, or any other body of water connected to the sea either permanently or periodically the landward boundary extended to limit of two kilo Meters measured perpendicular to the straight base line drown between natural entrance point and includes water of such river, streams and lagoons or any other body of water so connected to the sea. 07. Under mines and mineral Act NO 33 of 1992 the Geological survey and mines bureau (GSMB) could also issue sand mining permits in the foreshore or sea bed with in the sand mining with in the meaning of crown land ordinance (chapter 454) with the approval of the minister of cost conservation. This act was amended by Act NO 66 Geological survey and mines bureau in 2009. 08. There are some ambiguities related to the regulation of activities in the costal zone and river bank as well as beds. However it must be stressed that all mining activities should be under the Mines Bureau administration by the mines and mineral Act. CHAPTER 4 DATA PRESENT SITUATION Method of sand mining 01. There are three method used for sand mining. Sand mining near to river bank Sand mining in depth water (5 ft to 10 ft)using sand mining bucket with rod (Bonderi method) Sand mining in river bed using boats 02. Considering these there methods, sand mining using boats was prominent in Kalu River. This method was mostly affected for the mining sand in Kalu River. This was done by following sequence. Bring the boat to places were sand are collected. Look for suitable place and place bamboo rod in that place. Take the basket and dive to the water and find were sand available. Takes sand and fill in to the boat. Take down to the river bank and down load to the Lorries or places were sand selling. Sand mining quantities 03. There are different between sand mining quantities and location and people are used for sand mining in place to place and it is generally. 1 Â ½ 2 Volume of cub boat 6 men involued. 1 or less Volume of cub small boat 4 men involved. Most of the boats mining sand about 4 -6 cub of sand per day 04. Considering Kalutara district there are 471 licensed sand mining places according to the GSMB. These places are in Kalutara, MIllaniya, Dodangoda, Madurawala, Bulathsinhala and Ingiriya. GA divisions. Sand mining places in Kalu River in Kalutara district 05. These are the licensed sand mining places in Kalutara district Millaniya 150 Dodangoda 138 Kalutara 061 Madurawala 075 Walalavita 040 Palindanuwara 068 Pandura 007 Ingiriya 037 Bulathsighala 076 06. During year 2010 GSMB was carried out survey on volume of deposited sand in Kalu River. This was carried out two Engineers of GSMB Mr Rgive and Mr Janaka (Mining Engineers). According to there observation this was the result Quantity of sand deposits in Kalu River in a year 120,000 Cub Quantity that mining at kalu River 178,000 Cub 07. According to there are results more than 78,000 Cub of sand adequately mining in Kalu River in yearly? Other livelihoods from depend on sand mining 08. There are few people who depend on sand mining on Kalu River they are sand transporters, small hotels poor people who and supply sand buckets, Environmental Damage due to sand mining 09. River sand is mined for used in the building industry. In a few location it can be even be beneficial by lowering the river bed and reducing flooding. Because of mining of Sand, River bed is lowering and it increases the volume of the water it can hold. Because of that during heavy rain this can be prevent form food. In 2003 food in Ratnapura is about 33 ft but in Tebuwana area it was only 15 ft. 10. Current level of extraction in inappropriate location such as Millaniya, Aguruwathota, Tebuwana and Kalutara has however led to serious environmental impacts. Sand mining has damaged river banks deepened the river and increased costal erosion. Costal erosion arises because river sand replaces sand lost from the beach by reducing wave reaction. 11. Because of the people near river bank are already lost there soil to kalu river and they not allow to mind sand near there lands. From there social problem will occurred and some incident went up to lost of lives. 12. Sand mining by lowering the river bed facilitates intrusion of sea water. Salt water intrusion up stream during the dry season long Kalu River in Kalutara district, intruding salt water enters irrigation system destroying vegetation. In addition, the water table can become saline and affected wells. 13. In dry season people living in this are facing anther problem lowering of water level in there wells. Because of sand mining Kalu River bed lowering in dry season level of water also lower then years a go. Some places people are facing in difficulty to get water for there day today requirement. 14. The biggest environment issue in Kalu River is river bank erosion. Because of sand mining activities, river bed was deepened. This will create unstable river bank. The bank collapsed in to the river. This happen most of the places in Kalu River, this cant be stopped by planting bamboo trees after flood bamboo trees also collapsed in to the river because of it roots are insufficient to take the strength. 15. The damage to the National infrastructure such as road net work and bridges are prominent in Kalu River. Due to collapse of river bank total loss of national infrastructure due to sand mining has never been comprehensively assessed. An estimate of replacement of endangered bridge would cost millions. In Kalu river between Tebuwana and Narthupana there are three endanger bridges. In one place contraction of damaged road was presently going on according to there view this damage cost mare than 10 Million. 16. Indiscriminate river sand mining in Kalu River has caused anther environmental problems deterioration of river water quality used for drinking and bathing because of mixing of sea water. Sand mining is continuing at an alarming rate as miners and other beneficiaries still appreciate the private profitability at the expense of long-term Research done by Open University biology student Mr Chirath Bratha regarding animal and plant volume in a sand mining place and non sand mining place and other details are as follows. The research was done for 1000 ml of water Sand mining place Non sand mining place Water 290 ml 100 ml Find sand 260 ml 250 ml Core sand 260 ml 200 ml Gravel 190 ml 180 ml Other partials 270 ml Species Sand mining place Non sand mining place Puntiours Nigrofaciatus (Bulath hapaya ) 03 Puntious titteya (Le tittaya) 02 10 Puntious Cumigii(Pottaya) 01 03 Darra Ceylonensis (Patirana salaya) 08 Danio pathirama (cheep) 01 Oryzias Melastigma (Hada tittaya) 02 08 Horadania Atokorali (Hora Dandiya) 01 07 This was done by duration one hour Feather he measured Oxysigen percentages in these two places, were sand mining and not mining places. Percentage of Oxygen Places of Sand minims activities took placed for 100 ml 21 mg Percentage of Oxygen places were sand not mining placed .81 mg CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS 01. According to the dates from and mining places, they will mine sand on about six month per year but according to the people living in this are it was Eight to Nine months. This is an indication of sand mining owners are mining sand excessively. 02. The data will be analyzed using simple descriptive statistics to get a general picture to generate realistic implications.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Motivation Letter Essay

Motivation Letter Application For Studying In University Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille To whom it may concern: In addition to all my documents provided, I would like to take this great opportunity to write a motivation letter to clarify my main reason that drives me to study in University Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille. After graduation from _____ University major in Industry International Trade, I acquired knowledge in an extensive business area, for example, accounting, finance, international trade, corporate management, law etc. I worked at Credit Control department at Accenture Consulting Company for around 2 years. My responsibility includes providing customer service to UK clients, collecting overdue debt, applying cash payments, making financial adjustments and analyzing credit status for customers. My interpersonal skills improved greatly and English skill was polished as well through daily contact with British customers. Currently I have been worked as assistant product manager at Golden Label 5 International Trade Company. My responsibilities are to communicate with the sales team, the distributors and the promotional girls in order to motivate them and to let them be more and more aware of our brands images to manage efficiently the existing marketing tools to participate in the development of new marketing tools and participate in the development of the promotions for the day market. I believe that my current working experience is the main reason that drives me to study in France. By choosing to study University Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille there are a few advantages that I can achieve my goal: My current job is to assist my French boss (marketing director) to communicate with the sales team, the distributors and the promotional girls in order to motivate them and to let them be more and more aware of our brands images. Meanwhile boost and maintain our brand image. In order to cooperate better with my boss, I started to learn French since last June. Although we still discuss in English during daily life, my French language does help me a lot when I explain some authentic French traditional wines and spirits knowledge to customers. I know more and more about French, French culture, French wine, etc. And I believe that what I will obtain in University Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille give me a global view of International corporate management and have a multi-culture background. France is a multicultural country, and University Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille is a well-known multicultural university. I can learn how to interact within different cultures to improve my interpersonal skills. I also can build up a network that comprises friends from different countries and areas. France has good relationship with China. And now China is becoming certainly the biggest potential market for France. With my multi- culture background and French experience and skills, when I have completed study in France and returns China, I can participate into the development of business cooperation or any other relationship. In short, by choosing to study in University Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille, I will benefit greatly from the extraordinary experience for building up my professional career, and I will help to build China, my motherland, into a well-managed market economy country. I am looking forward that my application can be assessed and approved at your earliest convenience! Kind Regards Li

Friday, January 10, 2020

Advance Accounting 1

Joint Venture103 CHAPTER 6 SOLUTIONS TO MULTIPLE CHOICES 6-1: a Assets per Jessica Company- balance sheetP3,550,000 Jessica’s proportionate interest in assets of JV (50%) 1,000,000 Total assets of JessicaP4550,000 6-2: a Total liabilities only of Jenny Co. 6-3: b 6-4: b Investment of Heart P80,000 Profit share: Sales150,800 Cost of sales (150,800 ? 125%)120,640 Gross profit 30,160 Expenses 10,000 Net Profit 20,160 Profit/loss ratio x 40% 8,064 Balance of investment in JVP88,064 6-5: a CashP190,000 Merchandise inventory 29,360 Accounts receivable 150,800 Total assets 370,160Sweet Co’s, proportionate interest x 60% Sweet Company’s share in total assetP222,096 6-6: a Sales7,200 Cost of sales PurchasesP10,000 Merchandise inventory, end (50% of P10,000)__5,000_5,000 Gross profit2,200 Expenses___500 Net profitP  1,700 104Chapter 6 6-7: b Original investment (cash)P10,000 Profit share (P1,700 / 2)___850 Balance of Investment accountP10,850 6-8: a Joint venture account before profit distribution (credit balance)P  9,000 Unsold merchandise__2,500 Joint venture profit before fee to SalasP11,500 Joint venture profit after fee to Salas (P11,500 / 115%)P10,000 6-9: b Fee of Salas (P10,000 x 15%)P  1,500Profit share of Salas (P10,000 x 25%)_2,500 TotalP  4,000 6-10: b SalasSalve Balance before profit distributionP  Ã‚  500 (dr)P  2,000 (cr) Profit share:Sabas (P10,000 x 40%)4,000 Salve (P10,000 x 35%)_______3,500 BalanceP  3,500 (cr)P  5,500 (cr) 6-11: d Joint venture account balance before profit distribution (debit)P   6,000 Joint venture profit (P4,500 x 3)_13,500 Cost of unsold merchandise (inventory) taken by DanteP19,500 6-12: b Edwin Capital: Debits: Balance before profit distributionP14,000 Credits: Profit share__4,500 Due from Edwin (debit balance)P   9,500 Joint Venture105 Settlement to Ferdie (Balance of capital account)Debits:P  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ0– Credits:Balance before profit distributionP16,000 Profit share__4,500_2 0,500 Due to Ferdie (credit balance)P20,500 Settlement to Dante (balance of JV Cash account) Debits:Balance before cash settlementP30,000 Due from Edwin__9,500P39,500 Credits:Due to Ferdie_20,500 BalanceP19,000 6-13: a JV account balance before profit distribution (cr)P  4,600 Unsold merchandise (required dr balance after profit distribution)__2,000 Joint venture profit before fee to JerryP  6,600 Joint venture profit after fee (P6,600 / 110%)__6,000 Fee to JerryP     600 6-14: d Harry CapitalIsaac Capital Balances before profit distribution(P  Ã‚  200)P  1,800Profit distribution: Harry P6,000 x 50%)3,000 Isaac (P6,000 x 20%)1,200 Cash settlementsP  2,800P   3,000 6-15: b SalesP14,000 Cost of sales: Merchandise inventory, beg (contributions)P14,000 Freight300 Purchases__4,000 Goods available for saleP18,300 Merchandise inventory, end (P8,300/2)__4,15014,150 Gross profit (loss)(150) Expenses (P400 + P200)__600 Net profit (loss)P(  Ã‚  750) 6-16: c Contributions to t he Joint Venture (P5,000 + P8,000)P13,000 Loss share (P750 x 50%)(  Ã‚  Ã‚  375) Unsold merchandise taken (withdrawal)(  Ã‚  4,150) Final settlement to jackP   8,475 106Chapter 6 SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS Problem 6 – 1 Books of Blanco (Manager)Books of AblanJV Cash100,000Investment in JV90,000 Joint Venture90,000Merchandise inventory90,000 Cash100,000 Ablan Capital90,000 Joint Venture60,000 JV cash60,000 Joint Venture20,000 JV cash20,000 JV cash200,000 Joint Venture200,000 Computation of JV Profit Total debit to JVP170,000 Total credit to JVP200,000 Credit balance (Profit)P   30,000 Distribution Joint Venture30,000Investment in JV15,000 Profit from JV15,000Profit from JV15,000 Ablan capital15,000 Ablan capital105,000Cash105,000 JV cash105,000Investment in JV105,000 Cash155,000 JV cash155,000 Joint Venture107 Problem 6 – 2 Books of the Joint Venture 1. Computer equipment105,000Ella capital60,000 Fabia capital45,000 2. Purchases80,000 Supplies2,000 Diaz capital82,000 3. Expenses9,000 Diaz capital9,000 4. Cash150,000 Sales150,000 5. Expenses30,000 Cash30,000 6. Merchandise inventory20,000 Ella capital20,000 7. Fabia capital10,000 Cash10,000 8. Adjusting and closing entries: (a)Expenses500 Supplies500 (b)Sales150,000 Income summary150,000 Income summary77,500 Merchandise inventory2,500 Purchases80,000 Income summary39,500 Expenses39,500 Distribution of profit: Income summary33,000 Diaz capital11,000 Ella capital11,000 Fabia capital11,000 108Chapter 6 Books of Diaz (1)Investment in Joint Venture82,000Cash82,000 (2)Investment in Joint Venture9,000 Cash9,000 (3)To record profit share: Investment in Joint Venture11,000 Profit from Joint Venture11,000 Books of Ella: (1)Investment in Joint Venture60,000 Computer equipment60,000 (2)Investment in Joint Venture20,000 Merchandise inventory20,000 (3)To record profit share: Investment in Joint Venture11,000 Profit from Joint Venture11,000 Books of Fabia: (1)Investment in Joint Venture45,000 Computer equipmen t45,000 (2)Cash10,000 Investment in Joint Venture10,000 (3)To record profit share: Investment in Joint Venture11,000 Profit from Joint Venture11,000 Joint Venture109 Problem 6 – 3 1)No Separate Set of Joint Venture Books is Used Books of Duran (Manager) May1:Joint Venture12,500 Castro capital12,000 Cash500 7:JV cash10,000 Bueno capital10,000 26:Joint Venture9,500 JV cash9,500 30:JV accounts receivable16,000 Joint Venture16,000 June30:JV cash15,000 JV accounts receivable15,000 27:JV cash9,000 Joint Venture9,000 30:To record unsold merchandise taken by Duran: Merchandise inventory3,000 Joint Venture3,000 To record profit distribution: Joint Venture6,000 Profit from JV2,000 Bueno capital2,000 Castro capital2,000 To record settlements: Bueno capital12,000 Castro capital14,000 JV cash24,500 Cash1,500Accounts receivable1,000 JV accounts receivable1,000 110Chapter 6 Books of Bueno May7:Investment in Joint Venture10,000 Cash10,000 June30:Investment in Joint Venture2,000 Profit from J oint Venture2,000 Cash12,000 Investment in Joint Venture12,000 Books of Castro May1:Investment in Joint Venture12,000 Merchandise inventory12,000 June30:Investment in Joint Venture2,000 Profit from Joint Venture2,000 Cash14,000 Investment in Joint Venture14,000 (2)A Separate Set of Books is used: Books of the Joint Venture May1:Merchandise inventory12,500 Castro capital12,000 Duran capital500 7:Cash10,000 Bueno capital10,000 26:Purchases9,500 Cash9,500 0:Accounts receivable16,000 Sales16,000 June20:Cash15,000 Accounts receivable15,000 27:Cash9,000 Sales9,000 Joint Venture111 June 30:Closing entries: Sales25,000 Income summary25,000 Income summary19,000 Merchandise inventory, end3,000 Merchandise inventory12,500 Purchases9,500 Distribution of profit: Income summary6,000 Bueno capital2,000 Castro capital2,000 Duran capital2,000 Settlements to Venturers: Bueno capital12,000 Castro capital14,000 Duran capital2,500 Merchandise inventory3,000 Accounts receivable1,000 Cash24,500 Books of D uran (Manager/Operator) May1:Investment in Joint Venture500 Cash500 June30:Investment in Joint Venture2,000Profit from Joint Venture2,000 Cash2,500 Investment in Joint Venture2,500 Books of Bueno and Castro (Same as in No. 1 requirement) 112Chapter 6 Problem 6 – 4 (1)Books of Seiko (Manager/Operator) April1:JV Cash102,000 Notes payable – PNB34,000 Roles capital34,000 Timex capital34,000 May:Joint venture64,100 Cash16,300 Rolex capital7,800 June:Rolex capital30,000 JV cash30,000 Joint venture111,400 Cash37,400 Rolex capital64,700 Timex capital9,300 July:Cash40,000 Rolex capital15,000 Timex capital10,000 JV cash65,000 Joint venture55,770 Cash13,970 Rolex capital31,240 Timex capital10,560 August:Cash45,000 Rolex capital67,000Timex capital13,500 JV cash125,500 Joint venture30,600 Cash9,730 Rolex capital16,560 Timex capital4,310 To record sales: JV cash (P421,000 x 96%)404,160 Joint venture404,160 Joint Venture113 To record payment of loan to PNB: Notes payable – PNB 34,000 Rolex capital34,000 Timex capital34,000 Joint venture (Interest expense)8,000 JV cash110,000 To record distribution of profit: Joint venture134,290 Gain from JV (30%)40,287 Rolex capital (60%)80,574 Timex capital (10%)13,429 Computed as follows: Total debits tot he JV accountP269,870 Total credits to the JV account_404,160 Gain (credit balance)P134,290 To record settlement: Cash32,687Rolex capital128,874 Times capital14,099 JV cash175,660 Computations: Settlement to Rolex – Balance of capital account: Debits:JuneP30,000 July15,000 August67,000 Payment of note payable_34,000P146,000 Credits:April 1P34,000 May47,800 June64,700 July31,240 August16,560 Profit share_80,574__274,874 Credit balanceP 128,874 114Chapter 6 Settlement to timex – Balance of capital account Debits:JulyP  10,000 August13,500 Payment of loan__34,000P  57,500 Credits:April 1P  34,000 June9,300 July10,560 August4,310 Profit share__13,429_71,599 Credit balanceP  14,099 Settlement to Seiko – Balance of JV cash account Debits:April 1P102,000Loan proceeds_404,160P506,160 Credits:JuneP  30,000 July65,000 August125,500 Payment of loan_110,000_330,500 Balance of JV cash175,660 Less:Settlement to RolexP128,874 Settlement to Timex__14,099_142,973 Settlement to SeikoP   32,687 (2)Partial Balance Sheet June 30, 2008 Books of Seiko (Manager/operator) Current assets: Investment in joint Venture: Joint Venture assets: CashP  72,000 Joint Venture_175,500P247,500 Less:Equity of other venturers (P116,500 + P43,300)_159,80087,700 Current liabilities: Notes payable – PNB34,000 Joint Venture115 Computation of balances as of June 30, 2008: JV CashJoint Venture April 1P102,000P30,000JuneMayP   64,100BalanceP   72,000June_111,400 BalanceP175,500 Notes PayableRolex capital P34,000AprilJuneP  30,000P  34,000April 1 47,800May _________64,700June P  30,000P146,500 P116,500 Timex capital P34,000April __9,000June P43,300 Problem 6 – 5 Consolidated Balance S heet CashP  61,000 Receivables122,000 Inventory102,500 Other assets__40,500 Total assetsP326,000 Accounts payableP  61,000 Other liabilities96,500 Capital stock50,000 Retained earnings_118,500 Total liabilities and stockholders' equityP326,000 Consolidated Income Statement SalesP246,750 Cost of sales_124,750 Gross profit122,000 Operating expenses__58,250 Consolidated net incomeP   63,750 16Chapter 6 Problem 6 –6 (a)Journal entries on venture books June 15:Cash1,000,000 MacDo1,000,000 Initial contribution at 6% July 1:Land2,400,000 Mortgage payable1,650,000 Cash 750,000 Purchased land for cash and 6% mortgage. Aug 1:Cash1,100,000 MacDo1,100,000 Additional contribution at 6%. Land 950,000 Cash 950,000 Paid for improvements. Sept 30:Mortgage payable 250,000 Interest expense- Mortgage 3,750 Cash 253,750 Reduced mortgage and paid interest. Oct 31:Mortgage payable 400,000 Interest expense- Mortgage 8,000 Cash 408,000 Reduced mortgage and paid interest. Nov 30:Mortgage payable 300,000Interest expense- Mortgage 7,500 Cash 307,500 Reduced mortgage and paid interest. Dec 31:Mortgage payable 200,000 Interest expense- Mortgage 21,000 Cash 221,000 Reduced mortgage and make semi-annual interest payment. Joint Venture117 31:Cash2,600,000 Sales2,600,000 Sales to date. 31:Commissions 130,000 Cash 130,000 P2,600,000 x 5% 31:Expenses 628,100 Cash 628,100 Paid expenses 31:Interest expense- Venturer 60,000 MacDo 60,000 6% on P1,000,000 from June 15 to December 31, and on P1,100,000 from August 1 to December 31. 31:Sales2,600,000 Land (cost of land sold)1,145,000 Expenses 628,100 Commissions 130,000Interest expense- mortgage 40,250 Interest- venturer 60,000 Income summary 596,650 To close income and expense accounts. 31:Income summary 596,650 MacDo 596,650 MacEn 238,660 To divide gain, 60:40. 31:MacDo 801,650 Cash 801,650 Payment on account. (b)Journal entries on MacDo’s books: June 15:Investment in Joint Venture1,000,000 Cash1,000,000 Initial contribution. Aug 1:Investment in Joint Venture1,100,000 Cash1,100,000 Additional contribution. 118Chapter 6 Dec 31:Investment in Joint Venture 60,000 Interest income 60,000 Interest earned on cash advanced. 31:Investment in Joint Venture 357,990Gain on Joint Venture 357,990 60% of gain on venture. 31:Cash 801,650 Investment in Joint Venture 801,650 Repayment in part of advances. (c)MacDo and MacEn Joint Venture Income Statement For the period from June 15 to December 31, 2008 SalesP2,600,000 Cost of land sold: LandP2,400,000 Improvements 950,000 TotalP3,350,000 Unsold land 2,205,000 1,145,000 Gross profit 1,455,000 Expenses: Advertising and office expensesP 628,100 Interest on mortgage 40,250 Interest on advances 60,000 Commissions 130,000 858,350 Net gainP 596,650 Distributions: MacDo (P596,650 x 60%)P 357,990 MacEn (P596,650 x 40%) 238,660Mac Do and MacEn Joint Venture Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 Assets CashP 250,000 Land 2,205,000 Total AssetsP2,455,000 Liabilities and equity: Mortgage payabl eP 500,000 MacDo 1,716,340 MacEn 238,660 Total liabilities and equityP2,455,000 Joint Venture119 Venturers equity (interest) MacDoMacEnTotal InvestedP2,100,000P2,100,000 Shares: GainP 357,990P238,660P 596,650 Interest on advances 60,000 60,000 Commissions 130,000 130,000 Total 417,990 368,660 786,650 Balances 2,517,990 368,660 2,886,650 Withdrawn (801,650) (130,000) (931,650) Equity (interests)P1,716,340P238,660P1,955,000

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 763 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Industry Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Customer Service Essay Did you like this example? Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper Organizational Behavior and Communication Many organizations have a solid vision and mission statement that expresses the company’s core values and goals. These values and goals generally tend to act as a foundation of guidelines for the company to adhere to and follow. However, sometimes what the company publishes as its intended goals and values don’t always seem to be what’s followed. Southwest Airlines is one of the major air transportation providers in the United States. The Organizational culture of Southwest Airlines tends to be more open and is geared towards providing extraordinary Customer Service, as well as providing an employee oriented company. To have happy customers and organization will benefit from having happy employees. Communication is the key in any organizations success. If management is not communicating the company goals and outlines for achieving those goals, then the employees a re not aware of where the company is going, or what they need to do as employees to accomplish those goals. Having an open organization means the lines of communication are open from employees to management for new ideas and recommendations. Having an open organization leads the company in the right path for the future with being able to correct things that may have not worked, and to develop exciting and new aged innovations. When the organization is strictly relied upon its core values and goals that are created by management and no other communication is rendered between employees and management it leaves a lot of open areas for failure. In Southwest Airlines scenario, one of their many core values is Excellent Customer Service. To provide outstanding customer satisfaction entails many different aspects. First of course is Southwest’s Employees. From Ticket agents, air flight attendant, pilots, and mechanics, they all have an influence over the customer experience wh ether it is indirectly or directly. Other areas are also brought into consideration when striving to provide the ultimate customer service experience, such things as providing cheap air travel in contrast to its leading competitors to an array of destinations of desire. Southwest does excel in providing cost efficient travel rates, as well as an abundance of destinations. However like any organization there has been some conflict that has arisen from benefit of the company’s bottom line figure in generating revenue, with costing the company their customer service values. As any past air passenger may be aware of airlines tend to overbook their flights, but in the end the passenger that is bumped from their scheduled flight is compensated in another way. In 2009 Southwest abused the rule of overbooking flights and bumping there passengers and had to pay a substantial fine for doing so. Thirteen Thousand Passengers were bumped from their original flights through southwest in 2009, and were not properly informed or compensated for their inconvenience. Somewhere down the lines of communication something was missed, causing the company a fine, as well as a sour taste in customer service in those thirteen thousand passengers mouth. All it takes is for one bad experience to cost the company its credibility. If the organizations stated values which are embedded in a company’s mission statement, and what the company actually does differ, the perception of the organization tends to become unclear, and untrustworthy. A company can say they provide the best customer service, however if they are overbooking flights, not maintaining their flight equipment, and the customer has a bad experience what is one to think. An organization such as southwest has many different groups within that are responsible for different aspects of the company. It is always good to have different people from within a company that are from different areas of the organizat ion. They all have a different point of view on things as well as come from an array of backgrounds. In a diverse atmosphere conflict will arise, however if the proper steps are followed conflict can be resolved and it could benefit the organization all around. Southwest still strives to be the best in customer service as well as the best for their employees. A few bumps in the road along the way, but all and all have managed to succeed. It is important for the organization to continue to strive and adhere to their values and goals, and if something should happen and they derive off the beat and path, they should do whatever it takes to get back on that path. ? References Mark Huffman; Consumer Affairs; â€Å"Southwest Fined for Bumping Passengers†, April 29, 2010, www. Consumeraffairs. com www. Southwest. com, About Southwest; Culture, Mission Statement Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper" essay for you Create order